The relative contribution of the first three broad categories of conditions to the sex gap in mortality and life expectancy was estimated by calculating "cause-deleted" mortality and life expectancies.
A limitation of the study is the small study population (in part caused by the stringent definitions of INRs and IRs) and the small number of outcomes, which did not allow us to extend the logistic regressions analysis or to calculate cause specific rate ratios of death.
We combined causes of deaths to calculate cause-specific amenable mortality rates.
There were too few events to calculate cause-specific hazard ratios.
It calculates cause-specific mortality as the difference between overall mortality and that attributable to other causes.
Another possible study limitation is that we calculated cause-specific survival because we could not calculate relative survival due to lack of New Jersey-specific life tables.
We calculated cause-specific mortality rates for gastrointestinal illness from 1985 – 2005 by grouping deaths into five broad pathogen categories (bacterial, viral, protozoal, unknown noninfectious, and unknown infectious).
The vital registration system is likely the optimal source to calculate cause-specific estimates from, but a number of problems limit its utilisation, including an incomplete national cause profile due to incomplete death registration, and an urban bias in registration.
Briefly, we calculated cause-specific death counts at the county level for selected age groups from individual-level mortality data for years 2004 through 2006, obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC 2008b), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), for the entire United States.
For cases where HIV sero-status was known before death, it is possible to calculate cause-specific mortality fractions and rates according to HIV-negative and HIV-positive person-years observed.
To assess the causes of lower-than-expected mortality during incarceration and excess mortality after release from prison, we calculated cause-specific SMRs for select causes of death that had significantly lower- or higher-than-expected frequencies among releasees in previous US studies.
