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The normalized protein catabolic rate in hemodialysis patients was calculated using validated equations, and it was normalized to body weight.
17 MWS was calculated using validated equations and considered low if <14% in men and <16% in women.
Service use data (period between referral to hospice and death) were obtained from general practitioners, community providers, hospitals, social services, hospice, and costs calculated using validated national tariffs.
Scaled scores of each subtest were calculated using validated versions of the WISC/WAIS according to the language of the test person.
Intake level of one-carbon metabolism nutrients was calculated using validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) information as well as data from the US Department of Agriculture U.S Department of Agriculturee, 1989, 2004) and other sources (Zeisel et al, 2003).
Measures of insulin secretion (corrected insulin response [CIR] = [100 × 30 min insulin]/[30 min glucose × {30 min glucose − 70}]) and insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin) were calculated using validated indices (12).
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To quantify the degree of insulin sensitivity, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values were calculated using the validated calculator available at http://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk.ac.uk
In turn, the generalized stress intensity factors are calculated using the validated FE models.
Spine loading was calculated using a validated EMG-assisted biomechanical model.
Risk of in-hospital death was retrospectively calculated using the validated Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP) score.
The endpoint titer was calculated using a validated Life Information Management Systems system (ThermoFisher Scientific Watson version 7.4.1 software with Immune Response Module).
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