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R was calculated using sum of squares of the resulting weighted residual error.
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The BIC is calculated using the sum of number of parameters over all models, because if the same parameter appeared in several equations, it would be with a different coefficient, contributing to increasing model complexity as penalized by the BIC.
Total cholesterol levels were calculated using the sum of the LDL and HDL plus one-fifth of triglyceride levels.
Total population size was calculated using the sum of density estimates for each area multiplied by the total reef area.
The K/S value is directly proportional to the amount of color present on the surface of bacterial cellulose membranes and is calculated using the sum of reflectance values for all the wavelengths.
Total morning cortisol was calculated using the sum of the two morning samples.
Infraglenoidal scapular notching was divided in "grade 0" for "no notch", "grade 1" for "small notch", "grade 2" for "notch with condensation", "grade 3" for "erosion up to the inferior screw", and "grade 4" for "erosion over the inferior screw with extension under the base plate" * These percentages are calculated using the sum of four measurements in total (twice by two examiners).
In evaluation by box plot, the kappa statistics that showed negative values were replaced to 0. As an index of irrelevance of the ICF codes, the immeasurability rate of each item was calculated using the sum of samples judged "non specific" or "not applicable" as the numerator and the total number of evaluations as the denominator.
Consequently, the power P batt [W] of the battery can be calculated using the sum of all cell power: P_{text{batt}}(t) = sumlimits^{n_{s}}_{k=1} i(t) cdot V_{k}(t).
Total demand and rail market share have been calculated using the sum of rail, road and inland waterways.
Distances are calculated using the sum of absolute coordinate differences (Manhattan or city-block metric) and are reported in Table 2.
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