The mean intakes of energy, 13 nutrients, and 8 food groups were calculated using the questionnaires as bases and the nutrient calculator software.
Direct economic burdens were calculated using the questionnaire.
Secondary outcomes regarding the cost analysis will be cost effectiveness, calculated using self-report questionnaires that assess complexity of care needs, frailty, and functional status, in combination with the MDS-e, and – if possible – in combination with data collected from databases of health insurers and municipalities.
Since women were not asked to report their height on the 2002 and 2006 questionnaires, BMIs for those questionnaires were calculated using height values reported on the 1999 questionnaire.
The total daily calcium intake was calculated using a food-frequency questionnaire, specifically established for a pediatric population [ 17].
Intake level of one-carbon metabolism nutrients was calculated using validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) information as well as data from the US Department of Agriculture U.S Department of Agriculturee, 1989, 2004) and other sources (Zeisel et al, 2003).
The utility values associated with the eight health states identified by the CD4 cell count, as published in the report by Simpson et al, 23 were calculated using the EQ-5D® questionnaire.
When measured with the EQ VAS, the reductions in quality of life were lower, mainly due to some patients at EDSS 6 and higher reporting considerably higher quality of life on the EQ VAS than what was calculated using the EQ-5D questionnaire (Table 6).
As a preliminary examination of the utility of administering ω-3 FAs for the treatment or prevention of depression in cancer patients, we performed a cross-sectional study on the relationship between the daily intake of each ω-3 FA (as calculated using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)) and the prevalence of depression in newly diagnosed Japanese patients with lung cancer.
A CAU will be also performed: with the outcome measure being QALYs, calculated using responses to the CHU9D questionnaires.
