Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using laboratory-confirmed tests (blood culture- and/or PCR-positive) and all cases (blood culture- and/or PCR-positive and/or clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever) as comparators.
MELD, 27 MELD-Na, 28 UKELD, 29 GAHS, 13 ABIC 14 and DF 12 were all re-calculated using laboratory data from day 7 after admission to establish whether 1-week rescoring could be associated with an improved predictive performance, as outlined previously.
The SAW and S values were calculated using all laboratory data "Total" which was regarded as benchmark for evaluation of the other schemes.
Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using expert laboratory microscopy as the reference standard.
To evaluate the performance of the BIO-RAD Micromat II, Pearson correlations were calculated using the laboratory results as the standard.
In a sensitivity analysis, we found all our results to be minimally changed when the primary exposure variable, mean preneutropenia glucose, was calculated using central laboratory plasma glucose results only and no point-of-care measurements.
It is, however, a simpler CVD risk prediction model which is calculated using non-laboratory predictors.
Baseline hemoglobin was calculated using the first laboratory measurement on the date of admission; or, if this was not available, the last measurement on the day before admission; or, if none on that day, the first laboratory measurement on the day after admission.
The questionnaire provided information on daily consumption of MeIQx, PhIP, DiMeIQx and BaP as well as a mutagenic index (revertant colonies per grams of daily meat intake), which was calculated using previously obtained laboratory information regarding the mutagenic activity of meat sample extracts in a standard Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 (47).
70 The AST/ALT ratio (AAR) is calculated using two widely available laboratory liver function tests.
