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After the measurements had been taken, the area at each level was calculated using a standardized geometric formula (Fig. 5).
Results were calculated using a standardized curve-fitting 4-parameter logistic method.
Further analysis of the difference between mean total scores of the pre-quiz (quiz 1) and post-quiz (quiz 2) in each group was calculated using a standardized z score.
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The summary standardized incidence ratio (SIR), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect model of meta-analysis.
Slope was calculated using the standardized phenotype values for each pair of environments.
Mortality by district is calculated using the age standardized mortality rate (ASMR), directly standardized to the 2001 population for Belgium.
Correlations between phenotypes were calculated using AWM columns (standardized SNP effects across traits) and were visualized as a hierarchical tree cluster, in which strong positive and negative correlations are displayed as proximity and distance, respectively.
Patients were interviewed using a standardized survey.
We collected information by using a standardized participant-completed questionnaire.
Weight was measured using a standardized scale ± 0.05 kg.
Clinical information was obtained using a standardized health questionnaire.
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