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The serum OC concentrations were standardized by dividing by the calculated total serum lipid concentration.
We calculated total serum lipids by the formula total lipid = [total cholesterol (mg/dL) × 2.27] + triglycerides (mg/dL) + 62.3.
We determined total cholesterol and triglycerides by enzymatic techniques, and calculated total serum lipid concentrations (Phillips et al. 1989).
In our previous study of the same population, we also analyzed data using cholesterol and triglycerides as separate covariates rather than using the calculated total serum lipids.
This resulted in only minor differences in results, and therefore in the present analysis we have used only the more traditional calculated total serum lipid values.
We calculated total serum lipids using the formula given in the NHANES laboratory manual for dioxins (CDC 2007c): Age (years), sex, race (Mexican American, African American, Caucasian, or other), and body mass index (BMI) were also included as covariates.
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Medians of serum lipids were calculated (total cholesterol: 177 mg/dl, LDL: 96 mg/dl, HDL: 67 mg/dl, VLDL: 13 mg/dl, and triglycerides: 65 mg/dl).
Percentage free estradiol was not included in the models as a potential covariate because values were calculated from total serum estradiol and SHBG levels [ 24].
Values of free testosterone (fT) were calculated from total serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations using the formula by Vermeulen et al. (1999).
We calculated serum total lipids using an enzymatic summation method (Phillips et al. 1989).
The amount of Globulin (GLB) was calculated as a difference between total serum proteins and serum albumin.
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