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To analyze the degree to which mentors and mentees reported discussing different topics, we calculated the difference between mentors and mentees in their frequency of reporting on each of the nine categories (cf. Fig. 1).
We calculated the difference between the distance from the surface to the needle tip and the set depth as errors.
Rather than trust my math, Fred Wilson calculated the difference between gross (what the crowd gets) and net (what regular VC LPs get) returns on a fund that nominally did a 4x: 39.2percentt (gross) vs. 28.6percentt (net).
To determine the volume of bone tissue Galante et al. (1970) calculated the difference between the wet and submerged mass.
Next we calculated the difference between corresponding pixels in the original and manipulated versions of each photo.
Johnson and other researchers calculated the difference between what an older worker costs an employer and what gets nto the worker's pocket in extra pay and benefits.
For nonspecific chest pain, we calculated the difference between average charges for an inpatient hospitalization and an observation visit by CCS conditions.
We calculated the difference between these VAS scores to explore whether informal caregivers derived happiness from providing informal care (so-called process utility).
The model randomly sampled estimates of the mean for each technology and calculated the difference between each, repeating this resampling 1000 times.
For each animal and each time, we calculated the difference between the parameter value at that time and baseline and the area under the curve of its time course.
We calculated the difference between the number of new FDIs observed 2 years after the creation of new connections compared with 2 years before for the target area and control group.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com