The average of a particular MCT signal calculated over multiple NTC samples formed the baseline signal for that MCT.
Unless otherwise stated, the median is calculated over the whole sample.
The average generation time over the generations was estimated according to Stearns (1992) and was calculated over the whole sample for simplicity, without taking the cohorts into account: where x is the age class of the fish, l x the probability of survival to age x, and m x the fecundity of age class x.
A majority rule tree was calculated over the last 1,000 sampled trees.
After data normalization, individual gene expression values were standardized by subtracting the average expression calculated over all the samples.
When the median is calculated over a subsample, this is specifically stated, as in (9), where (med_{tin {h+1,...,T}}) denotes the sample median calculated over the subsample indexed by (tin {h+1,...,T}).
The P-Shift scores for FG are then calculated over the held-out 20% of the samples in the test set.
As in simulation study 1, sample statistics were calculated over the time points 1828 3288 (year 2005 2008) for each of the 1000 realizations by GAM and GAMAR.
In contrast, Slatkin's method employs a backward process that is only a rough approximation to Wright-Fisher drift, so the sampling weight must be calculated over the entire history of the two alleles with a separate term for each population and for each potential migration path in each generation [ 19].
Mean Fs' (genetic drift corrected for sampling plan) over all loci was calculated for the sample intervals.
A higher fluctuation is however visible and comes from the smaller time sampling and the fact that the average is calculated over less spatial sampling points of the vessel cross section.
