We constructed a tentative TSB by calculating offshore tsunami waveforms at the S-net instrument locations, and the maximum coastal tsunami heights along the Pacific coast of Kanto, Tohoku, and Hokkaido using about 2000 tsunami source models, which were previously prepared for a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment in the Japan Trench region (Hirata et al. 2014).
We then calculate synthetic offshore tsunami waveforms (eta ({varvec{r}}_i, t)) for 150 stations of S-net by solving nonlinear long-wave equations using a staggered leapfrog finite-difference scheme.
The key feature of the method is rapid matching between offshore tsunami observations and pre-calculated offshore tsunami spatial distributions.
Fig. 7 Correlations between offshore and coastal variance reductions for Model I. a Correlation between offshore VRO ((t=5) min), derived from a pair of calculated and pseudo-observation offshore waveforms, and coastal VRO, calculated from a pair of calculated and pseudo-observation maximum coastal tsunami height distributions.
The parameters of wind speed distributions calculated for the onshore and offshore data indicate that both the mean and form of the distribution is modified during offshore flow.
Adding in an estimate for them, he calculates that the offshore assets of Indian residents held in all global banks as between $100 billion and $150 billion.How does that fit with estimates of illicit wealth overseas?
Another outfit of fiscal inquisitors, the Tax Justice Network (TJN), cites research by the Bank for International Settlements, the Boston Consulting Group and McKinsey to calculate that global offshore deposits amount to at least $9 trillion, some $2 trillion more than the total held at home by American banks.
To calculate the overall offshore power production, it was assumed that only wind turbines with a nominal output of 5 MW were installed.
That same month, the United States Senate panel that Birkenfeld had communicated with accused Swiss banks, including UBS, of helping wealthy Americans evade taxes through offshore accounts, and calculated the total cost of this practice as being in excess of US$100 billion annually.
If the range of the above-mentioned standard deviation of the log-scaled residual error is considered, the initial tsunami height at a coastal tidal station is likely to be within 10-0.135 (73%) to 100.135 (136%) of the corrected tsunami height calculated by Eq. (6) with offshore tsunami data.
In the same way, if the range of the standard deviation (or twice the standard deviation) is considered, the maximum tsunami amplitudes at a coastal tidal station is likely to be within 68 148% (or 46 218%) of the corrected tsunami amplitude calculated by Eq. (7) with offshore tsunami data.
