In order to address this issue, we calculated mating-type-dependent speciation and extinction rates along with transition rates (in units myr-1) under the full (six-parameter) BiSSE model (and constrained variants thereof) across 1,000 dated Beast trees using ML procedures (Table 4; Fig. 4).
For males we calculated overall mating investment by multiplying the number of matings by the average mating duration.
A total of 20 replications was included in both mated and virgin male treatments, but insects accidentally killed were excluded when we calculated female mating frequency (2 in virgin male treatment and 1 in mated male treatment).
We therefore treated individual cages as replicates and, for each cage, calculated the relative mating success of stud vs. dud males by dividing the proportion of successful studs (# mated studs/total # of studs) by the proportion of successful duds (# mated duds/total # of duds).
Only non-ambiguous relationship assignations (according to 99.9% confidence intervals calculated in 100 mating population simulations) with an experimentally determined LOD score > 9 were taken into account.
To calculate the mating priority index we first ranked males according to the order by which they accessed each oestrus female (male priority rank).
To calculate assortative mating by flowering time, we determined the time of first flowering of all plants as the number of days between germination and the opening of the first flower.
The population joint sibship genotype frequencies P G I, G S ) are calculated assuming random mating and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population, summing over all possible parental mating and transmission types.
For illustration, we calculated a measure of mating advantage of large spores from the proportion of matings with large spores from the total number of mated trials.
The duration of each mating calculated from the 15 recordings was 3.9 ± 0.4 s, and the total period of female receptivity (from first to last mating acceptance) was 8.2 ± 1.1 min. Main observed courtship behaviors in males were "chase" and "ostentation", while the most observed close to mating were "chinning", "raised head" and "anogenital sniffing".
