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(c,d) Sample reflectance (R), array absorptance (A), and absorptance in the Al reflector (AAl, including intermix layer), as calculated by FEM and obtained from the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) model.
The intermixing index IM can be calculated as (1) I M = (∑ x i c (x i ) h (x i ) ) / (∑ x i h (x i ) ). Intermixing is small for segregated patterns with few color changes along height, and increases when patches of different cell types successively appear on top of each other.
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Table 1 Experimental and calculated fundamental type II transition energies for two samples with As content in W-design GaSb/AlSb/InAs/Ga0.665In0.335AsxSb1 − x/InAs/AlSb/GaSb QWs equal to 0 and 10%%, respectively Sample As content Experiment (eV) Calculated nominal (eV) Calculated intermixing (eV) A 0 0.386 0.395 0.388 B 10 0.410 0.388 0.410.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate the surface roughness and intermixing of grown films and to calculate the atomic-level stress before and after the annealing process.
Additional calculations showed that intermixing was largely insensitive to diffusion kinetics, because the characteristic patch size was related to the diffusion constant by 1/5 power ('Calculating the characteristic patch size in cooperative yeast communities' in 'Materials and methods').
(C ) Intermixing does not depend on asymmetry between cooperating partners.
10.7554/eLife.00230.022 Figure 4. Obligatory cooperation through redox-coupling leads to partner intermixing.
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