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With the obtained model parameters, the three parameters of PID controller can be calculated from the integral of the time-weighted absolute value of the error (ITAE) tuning rule on-line.
Crystallite size of α-MoO3 amounted to ~ 60 nm as calculated from the integral breadths of XRD peaks using the Scherrer equation [15].
In this case the energy loss is calculated from the integral E loss = − υ ∫ 0 ∞ F z cls ( t ) dt, (8).
The membrane capacitance of the cells was calculated from the integral of the uncompensated capacitive artefact.
The predicted signal contribution into each channel was calculated from the integral of filter transmission and the known published emission spectra of GFP and Aeq (Figure S2).
The variance of the noradrenaline-sensitive, steady-state outward current was calculated from the integral of the spectral density function, as described previously.
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The MEM data were calculated from the integrals of the electron density profiles of the Zn Co) and O atom positions shown in Figure 3c and the ratio of the oxygen electron density area to the Zn Co) electron density area.
To compare the potential TC input of different neuron types, the average number of POm and VPM boutons per type was calculated from the integrals of these individual thalamic contact density z-profiles (see insets in Fig. 5).
The sum of the time-integrated activity coefficient for the specific organs was subtracted from the time-integrated activity coefficient for the total body, which was calculated from the time integral of the decaying injected radioactivity.
The detection of the simulated ultrasonic amplitude signals is calculated from the path integral of the deflections (vec{u}) in the direction of the surface normals in the oscillation range at each simulated time t.
ApEn is calculated from the correlation integral C i m (r) when the signal is embedded in an m dimensional space.
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