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Exact(40)
where the length of the lines can be calculated from Equations (17), (18), (19), and (20).
and ϕ l k is calculated from Equations 14 and 40 below.
The average fitting errors were calculated from Equations 2 and 3.
The experimental ΔT and α − 1 values were compared to the theoretical values, calculated from Equations 9 and 7.
The kinetic parameters (k on and k off) were calculated from Equations 1 to 4 (Figure 4D and Table 1).
The critical Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory convection are calculated from equations (40) and (46), respectively.
Similar(20)
The transmission costs are calculated from Equation (12).
Curve 1: calculated from Equation 1; curve 2: calculated from Equation 1 but ignoring the shell filling effect; red square: measured from UV vis spectra.
The values of RL calculated from Equation 4 are listed in Table 2.
Solid lines refer to parameters calculated from Equation 9 (our model prediction).
It shows that the approximation calculated from Equation 62 describes the bias with high fidelity.
More suggestions(3)
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com