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Mean scores were calculated for reported values only and compared between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney U-test.
Positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for reported caries vs. caries detected on assessment and any reported oral health concerns vs. referral for further dental care.
Total colony losses were calculated for each reporting operation, for the sum total of all respondents, and for various subgroup classifications.
Limited lion and leopard offtake data were available from 1996 2008 in Tanzania's hunting blocks; trends were only calculated for blocks reporting ≥5 yrs of activity.
An unadjusted OR was calculated for manuscripts reporting rates of mortality, study sample size, and prevalence of diabetes.
ES z ) = 1/2 log e [1+r/1-r] were the asymptotic variance was: v ES z ) = 1/n-3 MES zES(z) were calculated for studies reporting multiple correlations between the concepts studied [ 9].
The original meta-analysis included both cytologically defined high grade lesions and histologically confirmed disease; but for the current comparison a sample-weighted prevalence of confirmed CIN2/3 was calculated for each reported HPV type for each region after excluding cytology-defined disease, using similar methods as those reported for the original results [ 24].
Receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivities at fixed specificities (80% and 95%) were calculated for parameters reported as continuous variables.
The assay was repeated three times and a percent difference from the average of negative control siRNA transfected cells was calculated for each reported parameter.
Further pooled estimates were calculated for self reported physical activity (for dichotomous and continuous data separately) for the subset of trials of exercise referral schemes.
Attack rates by age group were calculated for cases reported during weeks 6 18 (February 4 May 5) by using population data for Pissy District and standard age-group distributions for developing countries (10 ).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com