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Difference scores were calculated for outcomes, with earlier scores subtracted from later scores: A0 A4, A0 A12, and A4 A12.
Mean differences (MD) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes that were measured on scales of considerable similarity.
Only dichotomous outcomes were mentioned in our study, so the OR or risk ratios and 95%% confidence intervals were calculated for outcomes.
Combined RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for outcomes measured in the same way by at least two studies.
Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for outcomes studied in more than three studies among patients with breast cancer using means and standard deviations of post-test scores of the intervention and control groups.
Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 5-year event rates were calculated for outcomes of interest, and log-rank tests were used to compare the incidence of each PAD outcome by assigned glycemic control strategy for patients with normal ABI at baseline, as described above.
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Effect-sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for outcome secondary variables.
For Aim 1, descriptive statistics will be calculated for outcome and predictor variables.
Descriptive statistics were calculated for outcome variables, demographic characteristics, and exposure variables.
Standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were calculated for outcome measures of continuous data and random effects models were used for each meta-analysis.
Descriptive statistics (i.e. means, standard deviations, median, inter-quartile range and percentages) were calculated for outcome variables and patient characteristics.
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