As a more feasible correction approach, which can be used even if true values are not available for calibration, the overall median (or mean) bias calculated for a similar occupational setting using the same sampling duration (cf. Figure 2) could be used to adjust the percentile estimate.
RSME (square root on the mean of squared errors) and bias were calculated for the ending basal area, ending number of living trees per hectare, and basal area increment.
The degree of bias was calculated for each contrast imbalance, and the data were fitted with exponential functions (Figure 2B).
To account for differences in initial and final movement planning, the early bias was calculated for the hand other than that used for the final error.
An estimate of bias was calculated for each observer, which was determined as the [PSE for the annular condition – PSE for the target patch alone] (see Figure 2 for illustration).
Codon usage bias was calculated for each genome.
Another estimate of bias was calculated for each comparison by investigating whether the mean difference was less than 1.96 times the standard error of the difference.
Bias, the mean difference between values, and precision, the standard deviation (SD) of the bias, were calculated for PtcCO2 to sidestream and PaCO2 to sidestream differences.
At the population level, the estimate of the mean ancestry contribution across individuals was compared with the true value and bias was calculated for the five measures.
