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We calculated difficulty (P) and discrimination (D) for each statement administered in each course.
Yet even when modernity was young, I was dazzled more often by clarity than by calculated difficulty, and pleased simply by someone doing a far, far better thing.
Calculated difficulty and discrimination metrics indicated that BEDCI questions are able to effectively capture learning changes at the undergraduate level.
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We evaluated each of the 40 statements by calculating difficulty and discrimination.
We also flagged seven statements for special attention in student interviews because their quality could not be fully evaluated by calculating difficulty and discrimination.
We administered the GeDI-Draft 2 to 85 upper-division biology students (Table 2) and evaluated each statement by calculating difficulty (i.e., how challenging a statement is for students) and discrimination (i.e., how well an item distinguishes between high- and low-performing students).
The idea that calculated literary difficulty is a positive feature that writers intend seems odd, but it comes with a distinguished provenance: it is associated primarily with T. S. Eliot, whom Graham counts among her first influences.
We sampled 20 articles from those two websites and calculated the difficulty using the three readability measures.
We calculated item difficulty on each test by dividing the number of correct responses for each item by the total number of responses for that item (Crocker and Algina 1986).
We calculated their difficulty index to see if those question items tend to be difficult (the "Results and discussion" section) and found that these items with the MD correct answer are relatively more difficult than those with the MI correct answer; the average difficulty index of the former is 0.36 whereas that of the latter is 0.56.
We calculated item difficulty on the pretest across both treatments by dividing the number of correct responses for each item by the total number of responses for that item (Crocker and Algina 1986) in order to compare our populations with those reported previously (Price et al. 2014).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com