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For all repetitions, we calculated constraints at paired and unpaired sites in the large and small sets, respectively, and thus obtained distributions for | CA − Cx| that would be expected at random (fig. 4).
The calculated constraints are validated by running DMCplusTM (Aspen Tech) simulations for the extreme values of the disturbances.
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We calculated constraint by comparing E to numbers of observed substitutions (O): C = 1 - O / E Standard errors and confidence limits for C were calculated by bootstrapping the data values of O and E 1000 times.
Eco-physiological modelling of forest production relies heavily on local meteorological data in order to calculate constraints of photosynthesis, and we need to clearly identify the precision and bias associated with sources of such data.
Other impediments given were time to implement, long paybacks, or paybacks that were too difficult to calculate, constraints on buildings, such as being in a leased or listed building, or being only in a short-hold tenancy from which the occupants may not gain any benefit from installing new equipment such as solar panels.
In order to calculate constraint scores for Agrp exons, the STAT sites, and the IREs, we modified the concept of an RS score, such that the score for constraint represents the sum of constrained alignment columns in these regions while ignoring unconstrained alignment columns.
We used nucleotides from the fastest evolving intronic (FEI) sites as putatively neutral standards to calculate constraint.
It is important to emphasize that all the test cases considered in this work, and in previous works, do not employ in anyway the DCM to calculate constraint probabilities.
It is indicated where P-values satisfied the calculated FDR constraints.
The solution structure of PHD3 was calculated using constraints obtained from multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy.
ML trees were calculated with constraints enforced, and the ML tree from the constrained and the unconstrained analyses compared with the AU test.
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