Sentence examples for calculated by straight from inspiring English sources
The optical characteristics of the oxygen plasma treated films, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient were calculated by straight forward method proposed by Swanepoel using transmittance measurements.
The distance between two geometric points on a plane is calculated by the straight line equation algorithm: distanc e b / w p p = x i + 1 − x i 2 + y i + 1 − y i 2 (18).
Route efficiency was calculated by dividing the direct straight-line distance from the release point to home by the actual distance flown.
The virtual hitch point was calculated by solving the straight line equations of lower and upper link of three-point hitching system at particular depth of operation.
The optical band gap can be calculated by extrapolating the straight linear portion of the plots between (αhν 2 and hν to the phonon energy axis [16].
The optical band gap of all the samples can be calculated by extrapolating the straight linear portion of the plot between [F(R) hv]½ vs hv.
The band gap energies of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol, hexane, and water, together with that of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in hexane, were calculated by extrapolating the straight line portion from (αhv 2 vs. hv as shown in Figure 5b (a to d) [43,44].
Efficiency of flights was calculated by dividing the straight line distance between start and end point by the actual distance travelled.
The interaction energy was calculated by fitting a straight line to the "off" region of the retraction curve and then calculating the total area associated with any adhesion peaks, which appeared after the AFM tip had broken contact with the glass surface.
Methyl-branched alkanes were identified by their mass spectra (Nelson et al. 1972), and the identities of the peaks were confirmed using retention indices (Francis and Veland 1981) that were calculated by running a straight-chain alkane standard that contained all alkanes from C7 to C40.
In this analysis, the Fan-beam coefficients were calculated by projecting on a straight line.
