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When the study did not report the 95 % CI, it was calculated by its P-value or O-E statistic (difference between numbers of observed and expected events).

In the fixed road pricing approach, the price of a given link is initialized in proportion to its capacity, which is calculated by its length times the number of lanes it has.

Other countries adopted similar measures as an aid to policy making for example, the Netherlands' "structural budget margin," developed in the early 1960s, and West Germany's "cyclically neutral budget," calculated by its German Council of Experts beginning in the late 1960s.

In a multi-fluid MHD model, instead, the motion of each ion species is calculated by its own momentum equation.

In this model, state value at each sample time is calculated by its value at previous sample.

The abrasive volume of a structure unit can be calculated by its volume before and after wear using the model property of the reverse engineering system.

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Mr. Herzfeld cautioned against confusing a fund's income ratio with its yield, which is generally calculated by dividing its annual dividend rate by its share price.

For instance, Blaise Pascal initially proposed that the expected value of an outcome could be calculated by multiplying its magnitude with its probability.

The relative concentration of each gene in each sample, calculated by interpolating its Ct in its respective curve, was normalized to the relative concentration of RNF10 in the same sample.

The nanogram of eDNA per relative biomass of each biofilm was then calculated by dividing its total eDNA (ng) by its relative OD595nm.

Facebook two-quarter revenue figure is not listed in its S-1, and so was calculated by deducting its third-quarter 2012 revenue from its nine-month tally that was provided in that release.

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