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Subsequently, the percentage of bone (bone area %) in the porous area of the specimen was calculated by bone area/porous area.
However, another parameter calculated by BONE PROFILER, the S value, is significantly larger in fossorial talpids than in non-fossorial ones.
Further, the rates of evolution we documented in the hybrid lineages (18 92 × 10−3 darwins) were faster than rates of evolution in natural hybrid sunflower populations over a 50-year period (6 20 × 10−3 darwins; Carney et al. 2000; calculated by Bone and Farres 2001).
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In vivo leukemia cell kill (LCK) was calculated by comparing bone marrow cellularity and percent leukemic blasts in marrow obtained before and 5 days after treatment with a single dose of asparaginase.
The amount of mesenchymal tissue was then calculated by subtracting bone and cartilage area from the total callus area.
New bone area was calculated by subtracting old bone area from total bone area on the buccal side from crest to apex level.
The total buccal bone wall area and old bone area were measured, and the new bone area was calculated by subtracting the old bone area from the total bone area.
Approximated mean bone degradation was calculated by subtracting the mean bone level of the nonligated control group from the mean bone levels of the ligature-treated groups.
The fraction new in 2 weeks was calculated by comparison with bone marrow (representing an essentially fully turned-over cell population and thus the precursor enrichment) in the same animal (Miller et al., 2012b; Drake et al., 2013).
The following measures were directly made or calculated by the PIXImus2 software: bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone area, tissue area, R soft tissue value (RST – ratio of attenuation of low energy and high energy beams in soft tissue), percent fat, and total tissue mass (TTM).
The mean bone ingrowth distance in each slide was calculated by dividing the new bone area with the distance between the walls of the chamber.
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