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Two responses; particle size (PS, measured by SEM) and particle-size distribution (PSD, calculated as standard deviation, ±SD) were measured.
The mean of five consecutive measurements of all the corneal parameters was recorded and CR was calculated as standard deviation of the difference from the mean of these repeat measurements divided by the mean response.
Following [46], the standard deviation of R is calculated as: Standard deviation (R) = √(R2/ n-2)).
The standard deviation of E is calculated as: Standard deviation (E) = √(1/var (d)).
The standard deviation of S is calculated as: Standard deviation (S) = √((R2/ n-2)) +1/var (d)).
Following [52], the variance for each rate (R, B, or D) was calculated as: variance (R, B, or D) = [rate value (R, B, or D ]2/ n-2), and the standard deviation for each rate (R, B, or D) was calculated as: standard deviation (R, B, or D) = √[variance (R, B, or D ], where n = N0+o0, the number of species extant during the interval, [52].
Similar(46)
The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for as standard deviation / mean amplitude of individual evoked EPSCs and expressed as 1/CV2.
Relative standard deviation was calculated as (standard deviation/mean)×100%. Statistical comparison of 8-oxodG levels in different biological matrices was achieved using a paired student t test.
The standard deviation is then calculated as the standard deviation of all price ranges at a given frequency within the sample.
The values were calculated in terms of per cent relative standard deviation (% RSD), which is calculated as (standard deviation/mean) × 100.
The first measure used in this study is the stock volatility calculated as the standard deviation of daily stock returns in the calendar year.
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