It provides information on physical and mental health via the Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS) scores, which are calculated as norm-based scores ranging from 0 to 100.
Then normalized ΔCT for each differentially expressed gene were calculated as following: Norm ΔCT = raw ΔCT – Norm.
Furthermore, F M are calculated as the norm of the summed predictions of the magnetic components from a local north east center coordinate system (X, Y, Z), so (F_{M} = sqrt {(B_{X,M} )^{2} + (B_{Y,M} )^{2} + (B_{Z,M} )^{2} }).
Thus, we transform Eq. (1) so it can be calculated as an L 2 norm (i.e., the Euclidean distance).
The misfit at each station was calculated as a weighted L1 norm of the difference between the observed and synthetic amplitude spectra, and then summed over all stations, components and frequencies.
On the basis of the stereo-net plot, the structural rating values were calculated as per the BIS norms.
Population norms were calculated as the age- and sex-adjusted average of respondents' valuations.
Normalised dist, dist(norm), is calculated as follows: where W is the number of windows used in the analysis.
As mentioned above the value Cq norm was calculated as the geometric mean of the set of 5 stable reference snRNAs.
Classroom prestige norms were calculated as the within classroom association between peer perceived coolness and aggression.
As a measure of dissimilarity between matrices or vectors, the Frobenius distance or norm can be simply calculated as the square root of the difference between every value in the two matrices or vectors squared (Ellis and Kobe, 2011).
