For the level of immune response of the serum-antibodies and for analysis of association with certain phenotypes quartile scores for each serologic marker were calculated, as previously described [7], [9], [11], [19].
With each run of the Net-Cox analysis, the prognostic indices P I = X ′ β ^ are calculated as prediction markers, where X is the test data not used in training, and the regression coefficient β ^ is estimated from given training data, network information, and the parameters.
There are four main MABS variables: (i) number of backcrosses, (ii) population size, (iii) number and spacing among markers, and (iv) number of marker data points (MDPs) (calculated as per marker per plant).
In addition, mean squared successive differences (MSSD) within a day were calculated as a marker for emotional instability for a detailed description of the MSSD see [ 78, 79].
The rate of inbreeding on the basis of markers was calculated as the proportion of markers polymorphic in generation t - 1 that were fixed in generation t.
Cardiac power output was calculated as a surrogate marker of cardiac demand.
Blood samples were collected from all CLD patients within the 3-day period before the ultrasound examinations, and FIB4 (age × AST/[platelet count × ALT0.5]) was calculated as an indirect marker of fibrosis [ 9].
Expected proportion of marker variance in each class was calculated as the number of markers in the class times the proportion of genetic variance assigned to each marker (0, 0.0001, 0.001 or 0.01) divided by the sum of marker variance in all classes.
Linkage disequilibrium between adjacent markers was calculated as the squared correlation between adjacent markers and was expressed as r.
