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Age correlated with net reward-anticipatory signal change (calculated as difference from non-incentive trials) in the right NAcc (Spearman r = .35, p<.05; Figure 7, part E), but not in left NAcc (Figure 7, Part F).
Given the only initial nitrogen sources in the culture were (NH4 2SO4 and dissolved nitrogen gas, concentration of the latter was calculated as difference between total N and ammonium.
Fold change was calculated as difference in gene expression between low and high MP cells.
*Incremental symptom days avoided calculated as difference in numbers of symptom days compared with next best alternative.
Figure 3 shows the results of an intervention that, on average, has no effect and is expressed as effect size (we will refer to effect size based on the standardized response mean calculated as difference divided by the standard deviation of the change score).
Main Outcome Measure: Accuracy reported as mean absolute error, which was calculated as difference between observers' judgments and criterion kinematic values.
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As indicated by Cwother in Equation 1, the concentration in other microenvironments is not measured but rather calculated as the difference between personal exposure and exposure attributable to both indoor home and outdoor microenvironments.
aQALY calculated as the difference between calculated utility and perfect health.
The calculated energy difference is labelled by asterisks in Fig. 2 (Supplementary Fig. 1a and Supplementary Note 1).
*Calculated as difference between treated and placebo groups in proportion of participants who developed one or more symptoms, excluding headaches, which were significantly less common in people receiving treatment.
The differences in IC50 were analysed and calculated as described above.
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