Sentence examples for calculated as a standard from inspiring English sources

So a periodic signal with definite SNR whose frequency is to be detected can be made under the same sampling condition as the raw data, and its ApEn is calculated as a standard reference.

The uptake of radiotracers in the tumours was calculated as a standard uptake value (SUV) [38] in which the regional activity is related to the total injected dose and normalised to standardise for between-individual comparisons.

Cortical C-Pittsburgh compound B values were calculated as a standard uptake value ratio normalized to cerebellum grey/white matter.

The bone mineral density values were expressed as T- and Z-scores; the T-score was calculated as a standard deviation score (SDS) from a normal reference population database, while the Z-score was calculated as an SDS from an age- and sex-matched population.

The local G-statistic included the value in the calculation at i. Assuming that Gi* d) is approximately normally distributed [12], the output of Gi* d) can be calculated as a standard normal variant with an associated probability from the z-score distribution [30].

The standard error was calculated using the distributions of the domain frequencies in chimeras and all proteins as follows: (1) where N equals 20 (top domains) and STDEV was calculated as a standard deviation of the absolute differences between the observed and expected frequencies of 20-top domains.

These models simultaneously include fixed indicators that enable ORs to be calculated, as in the standard models, and a random indicator, inter-GP variance, which allows us to calculate variations in the agreement rates between GPs [ 19].

The inter-assay variation was calculated as a relative standard deviation and found to be 8.79% whilst intra-assay variation was 5.98%.

To test if the true mean value of each soil property for each landform was reliable for generalizing population characteristics, relative standard error (RSE) was calculated as a proportion of standard error to population mean from a bootstrap estimation.

The amplitude factor, A, was calculated as a ratio of the standard deviation in the simulated CO2 time series (adjusted by the appropriate λ values) to the standard deviation in the observed CO2 time series (equation (4)) and therefore provides information about the magnitude of variability explained by each flux model.

The static compliance of each component of the respiratory system – respiratory system, chest wall, and lung – was calculated as a chord compliance, using standard formulae, with the rapid occlusion method [ 20].