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The amount of Globulin (GLB) was calculated as a difference between total serum proteins and serum albumin.
The membrane resistance was calculated as a difference between resistances of the cell with and without membrane [47, 48].
It is calculated as a difference between the azimuth of observed MSTID and azimuth of modeled horizontal wind.
The heat capacity of a sample is calculated as a difference between measured heat capacity (of heater and sample) and heat capacity of the heater only.
Microbial C and N were determined by fumigation-extraction method and calculated as a difference between C and N contents in 0.5 M K2SO4 extracts before and after fumigation procedure.
The surface energy is calculated as a difference between the energy of a silicon or germanium atom in the bulk multiplied by the number of atoms in a slab and the total energy of a slab.
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Changes in the distribution of regional cerebral glucose metabolism were calculated as a difference image between the corrected postoperative and preoperative FDG-PET images.
SCR was calculated as a difference score between the maximum skin conductance value 1 6 s after CS onset minus the mean skin conductance value of the 2 s prior to CS onset.
This was calculated as a difference score between the increase in inappropriate sporadic responses (mean pre post difference in probability of sporadic choice after one, two or three persistent responses) and decrease in appropriate sporadic responses (pre post difference in probability of sporadic choice after four persistent responses).
The filtration efficacies were calculated as a percent difference between the test sample runs and the control average using the following equation: % BFE = (C−T /C×100, where C = average of control values, and T = count of total for test material.
In addition to the secondary mask, a median filter was applied, calculated as an absolute difference between median and values estimated for each row of the spectrogram.
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