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The Q20, Q30, and GC-content of the raw data were calculated and read lengths within a specific size range from 17 to 30 nt were chosen for analysis.
To determine the concentration of any given analyte the peak area to internal standard ratio is calculated and read off the corresponding calibration line as concentration (pg/μl).
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Phred scores were calculated and reads where at least 50% of the bases had a Phred score of less than 20 were discarded [ 59].
The read depth (AM) for each segment was calculated and the read count of each segment was normalized with this formula: (1) AM = RC × 10 6 URC, where RC is read count of the distinct 10 kb length segment and URC is the number of unique mapped reads in the sample.
Firstly, the total number of reads for each coding DNA sequence (CDS) was calculated and converted to reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM numbers), and secondly the genes that were differentially regulated between the stages corresponding to pH 6.3 and 7.3 were identified.
The number of unique-match reads was calculated and normalized to RPKM (reads per kb per million reads) for gene expression analysis.
Therefore, ratios of AG1BM4 vs. AGO, AG1BM16 vs. AGO, AG1BM64 vs. AGO, and BMO vs. AGO were first calculated utilizing signal and read count data.
The read coverage of each 20 kb window was calculated and log2-transformed reads coverage in each window was used to compare gene expression levels.
For gene expression level analysis, the number of unique-match reads was calculated and then normalized to RPKM (reads per kb per million reads).
For gene expression analysis, the number of unique-match reads was calculated and then normalized to RPKM (reads per kb per million reads) [ 61].
Percentage of exon inclusion was calculated and a minimal read coverage was required, as previously described (Khare et al., 2012).
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