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The model of this study adapted the concept of specific cutting energy and material removal rate based on machining theory to calculate force distribution on the spherical tool surface in a three-dimensional setting.
In 2016, Srivastava et al. [26] used Loop software program (dHal) to calculate force and moment and their ratios at various positions and for various activations for a standard design of T-loop and found comparable results.
Next an inactive (or fixed) tree is built halfway through the black interval and used to calculate force contributions to the remaining red time-steps in a time symmetric way as shown in blue.
These stresses, or traction forces, were integrated over the projected cell area to calculate force, which is then graphed versus time.
The highest peak force of the three trials was used to calculate force targets.
Thus we could calculate force exchange profiles along cell cell interfaces at any time point of a time-lapse video (Video 1).
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Investigators will also use computers to calculate forces on the plane, including on the tail.
The average deviation between measured and calculated force results were found as 0.26%.
The maximum difference between measured and calculated force is less than 4%%.
The measured force F and calculated force F Z, a) are plotted as a function of the measured contact radius a.
It is also shown that quasi-steady effects need to be taken into account when calculating force and moment aerodynamic admittances.
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