We found effects of cage size and the interaction of cage size and shape on the behaviour and condition of birds.
Resulting drag loads and cage volume were shown to be dependent on the net cage size and weight system.
Thus, the larger cage size in sII not only increases the binding energy but also significantly lowers the potential barriers for CO molecules to move.
Cage size is widely recognised as an important determinant of captive animal welfare, but in contrast, cage shape has received far less attention.
The minimum cage size for keeping rats (and other laboratory animals) is specified in the laws of different countries and its guidelines of relevant organizations.
MD simulations of the dynamic behaviour of N2 and O2 in sII clathrates indicate that the molecular positions and orientations are essentially the same for N2 and O2 and are independent of the cage size and distortion30.
Even accepting that culling animals is routine in modern zookeeping, given the conflict between cage size and the commercial requirement for replacement babies, the existence of Gill's menagerie, with its deprivation and mortality, is hard to square with, say, British donkey sanctuaries.
Because CO molecule is smaller than the cage size of 512 or 51264 and because the interaction between CO and the cages is via weak van der Waals force and even weaker dipole interactions, CO molecules in both cages have a disordered distribution.
The National Institutes of Health, the biggest single source of biological-research funding in the world, follows the Public Health Service's strict animal-welfare regulations, which are significantly stiffer than those of the Animal Welfare Act, regulating everything from cage size to the number of required on-call vets.
(Current guidelines require a minimum cage size of about 2 square meters).
A single line of aligned mesocages with an average cage size of 14 nm was obtained when the channel diameter ultimately reached 18 nm [5].
