The oxygen molecule diffused in a liquid-like fashion while water diffusion was cage-like in the system with 5.2 wt% water.
Hydrogen species produced via dissociative adsorption of hydrogen molecules on platinum particles, situated inside KA-zeolite cages, migrated through surface diffusion to HY-zeolite and γ-alumina.
Studies on the crystal size and morphology have shown that SAPO-34 catalysts with small crystal size or with nanosheet-like morphology generally exhibit better catalytic activity, selectivity and longer lifetime due to enhancing the accessibility of methanol into its cages and promoting the diffusion of the products.
HS-AFM imaging also revealed rotational diffusion of a caged trimer weakly bound to the surrounding cage.
In contrast, the energy for branched isomers never drops below 100 kJ/mol during that time period, which suggests that their diffusion into the MOF cages is effectively suppressed.
Dynamically, the aluminate-silicate chains, calcium ions and functional hydroxyl groups establish the "cages", and strongly prevent the freely diffusion of the interface water molecules, stabilizing the connections between CSH and GO structures.
The ideal pore structure in compound 1 may account for its high nHEX uptake at high temperature: the large cages guarantee the void space needed to accommodate a large amount of adsorbates while the suited pore aperture serves as a gate to control the diffusion of molecules into the cages.
However, restricted diffusion of the spheres within a cage was observed, in particular for the large microgel with R =125 nm, where the short-time diffusion could be monitored.
On the basis of condition-dependent experiments, the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model and cage effect were used to explain the growth process of rhombohedral crystalline NiS flower-like architectures.
Thus, the antioxidants and phospholipids (synegist) trap the radicals in a cage (i.e., microenvironment) 54 and prevent their diffusion into the bulk oil; the so called volume cage effect 68.
