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There was a significant effect of cage condition on the marmosets' use of these structures.
Cage condition affected activity levels: the marmosets were more active in conditions H, V/H and R than in V. Females were significantly more active than the males and showed (three times) greater preference for the bars in all conditions.
To avoid potential habituation to restraint, at least one week passed between restraint sessions for each animal, and the order in which each animal received each treatment (including the cage condition) was randomized.
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Saline and CNO injections and experimental conditions were randomized and there was at least 1 week between two CNO injections or two Ta/novel cage conditions in the same mice.
The fish were treated with a 3%% NaCl solution for 15 min on arrival to eliminate ectoparasite infection, and were reared and quarantined in a hapa net cage (4 × 8 m × 2 m) in an earthen pond for 2 weeks to acclimatise to the hapa net cage conditions.
Entomologist Bart Knols of Wageningen University in the Netherlands cautions that cage conditions are very different from those of the field, where many other factors influence an insect's survival; what's more, the results may not hold up in human malaria, he says.
We recoil at the abuse of hens in all systems, including cage-free and colony cage conditions.
Both cage conditions generally had sound levels averaging ∼77 dB, but with periods of increased levels.
An alternative explanation exists for the more profound affect of T1DM on type IIb/d fiber growth in the conditions of this study (i.e. sedentary cage conditions).
The frequency of successful copulation (17.9% of all trials) was similar to the 16.7% found by Houtman [11] under very similar cage conditions.
As the sound levels were comparable in all cage conditions, acoustic factors are unlikely to cause the behavioral and neuroanatomical differences reported in this paper.
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