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Vesicle pool size, exocytotic efficiency (amount of exocytosis per Ca influx), Ca current facilitation, and the number of active zones (AZs) increased with age, whereas AZ area, number of docked vesicles per AZ, and release probability decreased with age.
We found that ISO increased the amplitude of both the L-type Ca current and the Ca transient.
Indeed, in previous work, we found that increasing the Ca current (by increasing external Ca) either had no effect or decreased SR Ca content.
This, in turn, is due to increased Ca efflux (on NCX) and decreased Ca entry (via the L-type Ca current).
On average, the decrease of Ca entry via the L-type Ca current on the largest beat in caffeine was 21 ± 5% (n = 6), whereas the increase of NCX efflux was 145 ± 50% (n = 6).
(i) At first sight one might expect, as suggested previously, that the increased L-type Ca current would load the SR with Ca. However, it should also be noted that an increase of L-type Ca current will also increase the fraction of the SR Ca that is released thereby increasing the amount pumped out of the cell on NCX and tending to decrease the SR Ca content.
Similar(22)
Na and Ca currents (INa and ICa) were measured using external and internal solutions described above.
Taken together, these data suggest sepsis-induced reduction in excitability is primarily due to a reduction in Na current rather than changes in either K or Ca currents.
(2) As we used intact, beating, papillary muscle freshly isolated from rats, it was not possible to perform patch clamp studies to directly measure Na and Ca currents.
The lack of changes in passive membrane properties and action potential duration suggest sepsis does not trigger dramatic changes in K or Ca currents.
Maybe even more puzzling is a result from the other report: MYH7-R442G hiPSC-CM exhibited massive AP prolongation and a profound up-regulation of Na and Ca currents, which has not been reported in human myocytes harvested from HCM patients (Table 1 ).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com