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It was recently shown that cargo-bound SurA can bypass interaction with BamB and interact directly with BamA (Vuong et al., 2008).
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14 additional molecules were identified, mediating multiple feed-back and feed-forward loops, as well as potential bypass interactions.
To determine the frequency of such potential "bypass interactions" we asked how many different routes link EGF to a downstream node.
They found that bypass is observed when Fab-7 is combined with the neighboring boundaries Fab-6 and Fab-8, while bypass interactions with boundaries from elsewhere in BX-C are only weak at best.
Short pathways (ranging from 2 to 4 steps) that omit the requirement for EGFR in EGF activity or RAS in MAP3K activation are examples of "bypass interactions," interactions that are present in network databases but that are biochemically highly implausible.
If we consider the probable origins of many of the bypass interactions in the EGF sub-network we can appreciate why they are difficult to eliminate: a paper claiming that EGF activates SMAD3 does not necessarily mention the involvement of EGFR since this information is implicit.
Like physical bypass of immune interactions in the skin at immunization or challenge (Fig. 3B), immunological bypass by CQ inhibition of antigen presentation (Fig. 3C), or inflammatory inhibition of tolerizing cellular cascades (Fig. 3D) during immunization, consistently result in protection to natural skinstage challenge for malaria-naïve subjects.
Critically, the successful nature of microinjection techniques such as ICSI casts significant doubt over the membrane receptor theory as this technique bypasses sperm/oocyte membrane interaction completely.
The requirement of Prp28 can be bypassed if the interaction of U1C protein (Yhc1 in yeast) or U1 snRNA with the 5′ splice site is destabilized by mutations [ 65].
The Positives I already mentioned 3 things: Bypass, gain and tactile interaction.
Next time you walk into an Apple Store with the app in tow, you'll be able to bypass all that "human interaction" nonsense by using the app's new EasyPay feature.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com