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We have assessed the feasibility of a new intraluminal biodegradable bypass device that we designed to avoid anastomotic leakage and the necessity of a temporary stoma.
Fifty years ago, using $24 worth of parts from an A. C. Gilbert Erector Set and a lot of ingenuity, William Sewell, a medical student, and Dr. William Glenn, a Yale instructor, built a bypass device that would permit open-heart surgery.
In this procedure, the major vascular structures are isolated, cannulated, and then attached to a bypass device so that therapeutic agents can be given to the extremity at doses that would be too high to tolerate if given systemically.
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Profound systemic hypothermia with circulatory arrest is possible by utilizing heat exchange or cooling circuits in modern cardiopulmonary bypass devices.
Until the first such cardiopulmonary bypass devices were developed, most cases of valve disease and congenital defects either were considered inoperable or were corrected by "blind" (closed-heart) procedures.
As one cryonicist puts it: "We didn't evolve to be frozen". Vitrification avoids this by replacing the blood with a mixture of antifreeze-like chemicals known as cryoprotectants via a machine like the cardio-pulmonary bypass devices used in hospitals.
Time to bypass the device….
For best security results, no traffic should bypass the device to guarantee inspection of the whole communication process.
This "Clipper Chip" was a replacement for an existing chip, and featured an important addition: a "Law Enforcement Access Field" into which a code could be entered to bypass the device's encryption altogether.
This simple approach also has drawbacks if you lack sufficient non-IRA assets to fund a credit shelter (also known as bypass) trust a device commonly used to preserve the estate tax exemption (now $1 million) of the first spouse to die, without leaving the survivor short on funds.
Apple's stance got reinforcement at the end of February when in a separate but legally similar case in New York, a district court judge ruled in favor of Apple by denying a government request for information on an iPhone, saying that the government had failed to prove it is entitled to force Apple to help it bypass the device's passcode by the All Writs Act.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com