However, the mechanisms by which these microorganisms exert their effects are various and depend upon the dose used, the route(s) of administration and the dosing frequency [ 5].
Literature review suggests that amount of PUFA produced by microorganisms is greatly influenced by the temperature at which the microorganism is cultivated.
Faecal contamination of meat during slaughter, the use of raw faeces as fertilizers, and the contamination of drinking water are the major ways by which this microorganism can enter the human food chain [ 4– 6].
Once clear mechanisms by which these microorganisms exert their influence are understood, it may be possible to utilize this knowledge to intentionally change human metabolism.
Since the discovery of H. pylori in 1983 (first isolation in 1982), many research studies were performed to clarify the mechanisms by which this microorganism causes not only gastroduodenal diseases including gastric cancer but also extragastric diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and iron-deficiency anemia.
The mechanisms by which probiotic microorganisms mediate their therapeutic effects are not fully understood.
Among the factors affecting the biofilm formation and maintenance is the so called quorum sensing, by which microorganisms communicate via the secretion of chemical signaling molecules like acyl homoserine lactone, principally used by Gram-negative bacteria [ 18].
Indeed, secreted proteins provide the means, among others, by which microorganisms interact and modify the surrounding environment.
Nitrification is a central process in the nitrogen cycle, by which microorganisms oxidize ammonium (NH4 +) to generate nitrate (NO3 −), making soil nitrogen available for crop growth (Kowalchuk and Stephen 2001).
However, this approach could be considered as preliminary step to find out promising lead molecules and the possible mechanism of action by which it inhibits microorganisms.
