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This effect can not be completely explained by variations in sequence conservation near the boundary regions (see Figure 5).
Nevertheless, the obvious differences in cluster patterns between different SNPs can be explained by variations in sequence context, affecting hybridization of extension primers to the target molecules and to the spotted signature tags.
Although the breadth of neutralization by b12 is somewhat limited either by variations in sequence of the CD4 binding loop or by distal mutations that seem to affect accessibility to its epitope on the native Env trimer [ 44].
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We chose the approach of pooling data at individual loci in order to avoid biases that may be brought about by variations in sequencing depth.
This finding was supported by variation in sequence read length (1 5 nt) for some unique sequence alignments within a homolog groups (Additional file 3).
While ~40% of the variation in hybridization ratio can be accounted for by variation in sequence identity of the heterologous sample relative to D. melanogaster, other individual characteristics of the DNA sequences, such as GC content, also contribute to variation in hybridization ratio, as does technical variation.
While 40% of the variation in hybridization ratio was accounted for by variation in sequence identity of the heterologous sample to the platform sample, other characteristics of the DNA sequence, such as GC content and alignment characteristics, also contributed to variation in hybridization ratio [ 40].
Such a pharmacogenetically favorable set of circumstances is rare and may explain why, to our knowledge, COMT provides the clearest demonstration to date of a qualitative pharmacogenetic effect in which not just the magnitude but the direction of the behavioral effect of a drug is determined by variation in sequence of its target gene.
Variations in protein expression and function are not only determined by variations in DNA sequence but may also be affected by many epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA-methylation and histone-modifications, a combination of many small and micro-RNAs, RNA-binding proteins and RNA-editing enzymes.
While the differences in average GC content can be explained by variations in the sequencing chemistry and protocol used for sequencing on the GS FLX and Titanium platforms, the sharp decline of the GC content present in the longer reads is most probably caused by backfolding.
Binding affinity of an activated Stat dimmer to a target DNA sequence is determined by variations in the nucleotide sequence [35] and by cooperative dimer-dimer interactions mediated by NH2-terminal amino acids [36], [37].
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