As temperature can act as a stress inhibitor by affecting several different functions, we used two thermal tolerance traits derived from response fitness curves measured in laboratory experiments: the upper limit of the optimal temperature range (Topt), defined as the range over which feeding occurs and there are no external signs of abnormal behaviour and the optimal spawning temperature (Tsp).
Two axis scanning is realized by using two bimorph thermal actuators: a mirror actuator and a frame actuator.
This study investigated the thermal degradation energy (activation energy, Ea) for nitrocellulose (NC) with low nitrogen content of 11.71 mass%, so-called NC3, by using two different kinds of thermal analysis instruments: thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Experimental measurements of temperatures at the wall and at the center have been carried out systematically by using two calibrated thermocouples, and the observed thermal profiles have been shown to strongly support the numerical prediction.
A stable, linear thermal gradient was established on a 60-cm-long aluminum platform by using two water baths at 5 and 35 °C.
Constitutively active MAP2K3-B was created using two site-directed mutagenesis thermal cyclings.
Genomic DNA flanking the inserted T-DNA was identified by thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR as described by (Liu et al., 1995) using three T-DNA specific primers (Table S6).
Measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) by using the lithium-thermal (Li-thermal) and single-thermal indicator dilution methods was compared with the indocyanine green-thermal (ICG-thermal) method in humans.
Glass may be strengthened using one of several processes: temporarily reducing the severity of flaws by fire polishing or "etching" (i.e., chemical polishing); introducing surface compression by overlay glazing, thermal tempering, or ion exchange; and toughening by lamination.
