When we retrieved PWVSPD-H, we projected the slant delay at the highest elevation angle onto the zenith direction by using the global mapping function (GMF) (Böhm et al. 2006).
By using the dental cone-beam CT (Pax-Zenith 3D, VATECH, Yong-In, Korea, DCT) installed in Pusan University's Dental Clinic Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, the 3D image of the patient was taken (experimental group and control A group: 6 months DCT after surgery, control B group: 1st visit DCT).
Sea surface emissivity is determined by using the Fresnel equations for a flat sea surface based on the complex refractive index and the satellite zenith angle.
The results show that the adverse relationship between the optimum zenith angle and the depth of texture of the pavement surface, such that by increasing the mean texture depth, using the less zenith angle will give better results.
Radiances are converted to reflectance using the Sun zenith angle cosine interpolated at the pixel and the Sun spectral flux.
The revealed distortion of the zenith radiance caused by using of the scalar approximation reaches maximum of 15% at 340 nm for the solar zenith angle (SZA) equal to 98°.
Diffuse radiations were approximated by a set of light sources on a sky vault discretized in 20 solid angle sectors using the spherical coordinates, including 5 zenith angles (18°, 36°, 54°, 72°, 90°) and 4 azimuths.
Incidentally, the slant wet delay in the GNSS signals can be mapped into zenith direction by using suitable mapping functions like Niell mapping function (Niell 1996) and VMF1 (Boehm et al. 2009) etc.
The effect of openness or canopy gaps was taken into account by considering the zenith angle of the sun, canopy openness and crown architecture (Equation 5), which are all summarised using the λ h parameter (Equation 2).
We substituted the know zenith angles and derived the percent of previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 formed using the above equation.
