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Internal reliability was tested by using the standardised Cronbach alpha coefficient, as well as item-total and inter-item correlations.
Smoking status at follow-up was assessed by using the standardised interview question 'On how many of the past 30 days did you smoke a cigarette?' Patients were classified as smokers if the answer was one or more.
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By using the completely standardised solution, the original variables are also standardised to a common metric across groups, which facilitates the comparison of the factor variances and covariances (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1996, p. 293) [ 17].
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose
By using the same standardised questions and protocols, all countries can use STEPS information not only for monitoring within-country trends, but also for making comparisons across countries.
Definition and ascertainment of exposure: cases and controls were interviewed by previously trained interviewers using the standardised questionnaire of the European Helios study on nonmelanoma skin cancer (Zanetti et al, 1996).
All four studies applied the minimal diagnostic criteria for RLS by using the same short set of standardised questions, 12 either in German or in English.
Regional differences in cervical cancer incidence have been accounted for by using the differences between the age-standardised mortality rate of cervical cancer for these three regions and for the entire land for the period 1968 1978 as a proxy.
ORs were converted to standardised mean differences by using the formula SMD=lnOR×√3/π.
By using a standardised questionnaire and standardisation of the questionnaire administration process, the chance of interviewer bias was controlled.
Similar differentiation efficiencies have been obtained by independent laboratories using the same standardised procedures (Boulting et al., 2011), supporting the reproducibility of iPSC-based studies.
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