Sentence examples for by using the plaque from inspiring English sources
Recombinant virus was distinguished from the wild type virus by using the plaque assay method [ 28].
The samples were screened for WNV antibody against 100 PFU by using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) (9 ).
Antibody to MERS-CoV was detected by using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and MERS-CoV S1 IgG ELISA (EUROIMMUN, Lübeck, Germany) (4, 5 ) (Technical Appendix).
Sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies by using the plaque-reduction neutralization test (9 ).
Antibodies were detected in serum samples by using the plaque-reduction neutralization test in Vero cell monolayers prepared in 6-well polystyrene culture plates (6 ).
We assayed the blood samples for neutralizing antibodies to WNV and Powassan virus (but not St . Louisencephalitis virus, which was absent in the local bird community at these sites [ 7 ]) by using the plaque-reduction neutralization test (8 ) at a 1 10 dilution, with 80%and90%0% neutralization of plaques as cutoffs.
These cultures were used to test susceptibility of the bacteria to various phages by using the quantitative plaque assay.
Plaque count was determined by using the LLC-MK2 plaque assay single overlay technique.
The PRNT50 titer is determined by using the log10-transformed plaque counts from the four selected points, which spanned the 50% neutralization point in that assay run with the two points below and two points above the cutoff, for the regression analysis.
The IC50 values, defined as the inhibitory concentration producing 50% reduction in plaque formation, were calculated by using the program GraphPad PRISM 4 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, U.S.A). to fit a variable slope-sigmoidal dose response curve.
R. prowazekii inoculum was quantified by using either the plaque assay method (17 ) or comparatively by 10-fold serial dilutions of a known plasmid standard of R. prowazekii containing 2.0 × 10 copies per sample in an independent real-time PCR as previously described (18 ).
