To resolve this problem, Evensen ([1994]) proposed the EnKF, which approximates the KF by using the forecast spread of the ensemble prediction.
The other 4 thermal comfort parameters and regulation prices can be online forecasted by using the weather forecast techniques or machine learning techniques.
In this article we have only attempted to calculate the expected change in EC, due to the increase of mean monthly maximum temperature for Pakistan by using the above forecast values of temperature from January 2011 to December 2020 (Table 4).
The weather event associated to record Chicago floods on April 2013 is investigated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
ARIMA modeling was implemented in the R statistical software [1] by Rob J. Hyndman using the forecast package [16].
By using the reliable high-performance forecast system, it is possible to optimize the natural gas portfolio and management operations, thereby obtaining a competitive advantage in the European energy market.
By using the method introduced in [20], the forecasting results in one time slot are obtained, which are shown in Table 5.
As mentioned in Section 4.1, when a large earthquake occurred closely preceding the forecast period, we forecasted the expected number of earthquakes with M ≥ M th in the forecast period by using the modified Omori formula (8 where t is time after the mainshock, n(t) is the number of aftershocks per unit time, and K a, c a, and p are constants (Utsu, 1957).
To use the model specified by Eq. (2) to forecast seismicity, the following technical problems need to be solved: (1) estimating background seismicity rate, (2) estimating the model parameters (A, α, c, p, D, q, γ), and (3) forecasting by using the fitted model.
In the 'Examining the financial performances of the proposed ANN' section, the hypothesis that using the forecasts produced by the proposed ANN significantly increases the profit is tested.
