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The European standard accounts for distortional buckling effects by reducing the effective area of flange stiffeners using an effective thickness method, and covers the effect of distortional global interaction by using the effective cross-section for overall buckling strength checks.
The propagation constant has been achieved by using the effective index method.
For the compressible/compressible case, the explicit secular equation is derived by using the effective boundary condition method.
We calculated the influence of nanoscale deviations by transfer matrix technique, while surface roughness was taken into account by using the effective medium theory.
The magnetic field of a cylindrical permanent magnet is calculated by equivalent current source (ECS) method, and the Kelvin force is derived by using the effective moment method.
Advantages in FCGR resistance diminish at higher R. Differences in growth rate behavior are accounted for by using the effective stress intensity range, ΔKeff.
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This behavior can be understood by using the effective-mass model in electron-band theory.
The effect is further limited by using the minimal effective concentration of the crosslinker, as determined by preliminary titration experiments.
The bindings of the probes were additionally investigated by microtiter plate assays by using the most effective ligands determined by CoMPP, with the addition of related polymers (Fig. 4).
Risks associated with hypertension can be minimized by using the lowest effective EPO dose, which may be achieved through the regular use of i.v. iron.
The highest improvements of volumetric mass transfer coefficient were achieved in the most viscous carboxylmethylcellulose solution by using the least effective type of sparger.
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