To complement the loss of function studies with gain of function experiments, we forced the expression of ap, lbe, Kr, and msh pan-mesodermally by using the 24B-Gal4 driner in combination with the corresponding UAS-constructs [36].
We first expressed the DVAP-V260I or the DVAP-WT transgenes in the adult nervous system by using the panneural driver elav-Gal4.
Targeted expression of hUCP3 in mNSCs (Line K), by using the dilp2-GAL4 drIkeya(Iketalet al., 2002), resulted in a dramatic decrease in lifespan, similar to that seen with pan-neuronal expression (Fig. 5C and D; median lifespans for females 52 d (driver control) vs. 32 d (over-expresser), and for males 46 d (driver control) vs. 40 d (over-expresser)).
To test for calcium signals in cells at the wound edge signals similar to those observed in wounded epithelial cells in vitro [ 6 10], the C. elegans embryo epidermis, [ 11] or zebrafish larval tissues [ 12, 13] we expressed the intracellular calcium reporter GCaMP3 [ 14] specifically in the epidermis via the GAL4-UAS system [ 15] by using the e22c-Gal4 driver [ 16].
Further confirmation of the role of neuronal parkin in locomotion was provided by using the same drivers to test for rescue in the park homozygote background.
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A 25-mm Ramus distractor (KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) was adapted to the ramus, and predrilling was performed on each side of the horizontal osteotomy line by using the angled screw driver, Angulus (KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany).
Similar alterations were observed in TBPH-RNAi expression in neurons by using the elav-GAL4 driver (Figure 1H), implying the neuronal origin of these defects.
We restricted the expression of the human APP and BACE transgenes to the central nervous system of the fly by using the elav-Gal4 driver (Yao and White, 1994).
In agreement with these data, we found that feminization of all GRNs by using the pan-gustatory driver Poxn (Boll and Noll, 2002; Dambly-Chaudière et al., 1992) also led to male chaining behavior (supplementary material Fig. S1).
