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The temperature was followed by a micro-thermocouple, while the mass was measured by using the deflection of a calibrated glass filament balance.
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In the present study, the generation of residual stresses in the precision milling of steels is evaluated by using the deflection-electrochemical etching technique.
An analytical method for determining natural frequencies and mode shapes of torsional vibration of suspension bridges is developed by using the linearized deflection theory.
The required pavement thickness (in radii) is then determined by consulting the relevant design chart using the deflection factor and modular ratio (E2/E1) as the main design parameters [14, 22].
The appropriate normalizations of semi-continuum deflections are obtained by using the corresponding classical bending deflections.
By using the optical beam deflection (OBD) technique, the normal and the lateral forces detected by the tip can be measured simultaneously [10, 11].
The resistance to impact loading is assessed by using the permanent transverse deflection at central point of back face-sheet of the sandwich shell.
The nonlinear postbuckling behaviors of functionally graded cylindrical shells (FGCSs) under uniform radial pressure are investigated by using the nonlinear large deflection theory of cylindrical shells.
Firstly, the fundamental uncoupled torsional-to-lateral frequency ratio is determined by using the maximum structural static deflection resulting from the gravity load acting horizontally.
The aeroelastic motion equations of such panels can be formulated by using the von Karman large deflection plate theory and piston aerodynamics theory, while the thermal induced membrane force and the Kelvin type viscoelastic damping are taken into account.
Based on the incremental form of the virtual work, a system of coupled differential equations for the pile deflection and decay functions is derived and then solved by using the finite difference method, producing pile deflections, shear forces and bending moments, as well as displacements within the soil domain.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com