Sentence examples for by using the branch from inspiring English sources

An optimal decision is made by using the branch and bound method [31]; however, this method's complexity increases exponentially with the required number of features to be selected.

Substitution information can easily be obtained by using the branch lengths of the phylogenetic input tree.

Maximum-likelihood and unweighted parsimony analyses on the alignments were performed by using the branch and bound algorithm of PAUP* 4.0b10 (http:// paup.csit.fsu.edu).

First, we tested whether the evolutionary rates of each gene in the pathway differed among lineages within the gene tree by using the branch models.

We first tested whether the average ω ratio differed among lineages of the gene tree by using the branch models that allow ω to vary among lineages and assume different ω ratios assigned to the branches before and after the duplication event.

For a certain lby using the branch-and-bound tree search algorithm (for example, based on the pick-1-element algorithm).

Fourth, for the HR gene showing signs of neutralization, we searched for positive selection on codons (which may have inflated the Ka/Ks ratio) by using the branch-site model (Yang et al. 2005; Zhang et al. 2005).

By using the branch-site models, which estimate different ω values among branches and among sites, we identified three amino acids specifically under positive selection for one of the paralogs (Table 2).

Then, positive selection was tested by PAML using the branch (Model0), site (Nsites = 1, 2, 7 and 8) and branch-site (Model A, specifying the two tandem repeats as foreground lineage) models [ 81].

The NPV could be improved further by using the second branch criterion to separate the 1049 patients into likely non-responders and not predictable.

To determine simple branch lengths (i.e. number of evolutionary steps), we opened ITS2 data and the ML tree of the ITS2 analysis in PAUP, selected the MP criterion (character state optimization: 'DELTRAN'), and displayed the tree by using the 'show branch lengths' option.