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In this section, we illustrate the computation time savings that can be achieved by using the biased sampling distribution proposed in Section 3. In order to guarantee a certain accuracy for the simulated BER results, we require that the ratio of the variance of the simulated BER to the square of its expectation does not exceed a prescribed value ε2 var P ̂ b E P ̂ b 2 ≤ ε 2, (27).
First, the modulation map allows a three-dimensional spatial biasing by using the biased distance map t z described in Eq. 1.
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By using the bias-free algorithms developed by these types of companies, we've seen global organizations dramatically transform their gender, ethnic and socioeconomic diversity in ways that they've never been able to achieve in the past.
p. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected by gravid traps by using the bias-corrected maximum-likelihood estimate (6 ) (Technical Appendix).
The number of autoregressive components was selected by using the bias-corrected Akaike Information Criterion (13, 14 ).
Ninety-five perconfidencedence intervals (95%CIs) were computed by using the bias-corrected bootstrap method [ 23] with 2,000 replications.
Another important point is that improvements in the small sample type-1 error rates of the beta regression estimators could be achieved by using the bias corrected/reduced estimation methods in place of the more traditional ML estimators.
Although in both cases the required simulation time increases with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it is observed that huge run-time savings of several orders of magnitude can be achieved by using the proposed biased sampling distribution, especially for high SNR values where the BER is low.
The model was then subjected to local energy minimization to identify the optimal position by using the ICM biased probability Monte Carlo algorithm and analytical derivatives in the internal coordinates.
The proposed oscillator provides a voltage output and a current output simultaneously, and can independently control the oscillation condition and oscillation frequency by using the separate bias currents of the CCCDTA.
We measured the parameter estimation quality by using the normalized bias of each parameter.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com