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They accomplished this by using mouse embryonic stem cells to manipulate the mouse genome at the very start of development.
To investigate the significance of protein changes under disease conditions, we have chosen a more systematic and simplified approach by using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with highly defined modifications in a controlled environment.
The mechanisms underlying these phenotypes converge on cell division, as evidenced by using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a model.
In vitro cytotoxicity was investigated by using mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/3T3) and N2a cells for any embryo- and neuro-toxic effects; respectively.
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Viral titers were determined by a plaque assay using mouse embryonic fibroblasts monolayers as described previously.
Furthermore, inhibition of mitofusin-1 had no effect on parkin levels, suggesting that there was no reciprocal relationship between parkin and mitofusins in human ER + breast cancer cells, unlike the report using mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Ding et al. Consideration of cellular context is usually critical in the interpretation of much cell and molecular biologic data.
In vitro biocompatibility studies performed using mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) demonstrated that the coatings are non-toxic and exhibit excellent cell-materials interactions.
To test whether Lpd localization at the leading edge might be regulated by Abl kinases, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking both c-Abl and Arg [ 18] and rescued this cell line with YFP-tagged wild-type c-Abl.
To study whether the change in mitochondrial morphology induced by PGC-1β was mediated mainly through Mfn2 activity, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type and from Mfn2 or Mfn1 KO mice [29].
The gene targeting method in knockout mice uses mouse embryonic stem cells to deliver artificial genetic material (mostly of therapeutic interest), which represses the target gene of the mouse by the principle of homologous recombination.
For this, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from wild-type and E2F1-deficient mice.
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