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Magnitude of annual change was estimated by using a slope parameter, Q, and the Sen nonparametric method (20 ).
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One of the preceding cases will apply where, by using a normal alignment, successive slopes can be cut through obliquely by a line on a uniform gradient and a combined profile.
In this paper, this problem is removed by using a saturation function with a high slope, as an approximation of the signum function.
32 Ninomiya et al analyzed the association between the GFR slope and MetS by using a multiple regression model.
Only 2 studies using mixed models explicitly accounted for the issue discussed in this paper: one by using a random intercept model with autoregressive error structure (Grindstaff et al. 2006) and one by using a random slope model (Sockman et al. 2008).
For quantification of the results, the ED50 values (effective dilution leading to 50% loss of activity) were deduced from the sigmoid ELISA curves [log intestinal fluid dilution) vs. response (% maximal binding)] by fitting them using a standard slope model of software Prism (GraphPad).
A technique to indirectly reduce the effects of lift-off by using the slope of the difference signal has been proposed [76].
Long-term trend was tested by using Sens slope estimator and Mann Kendall's monotonic trend test.
The anaerobic threshold was determined by using the slope point on the curve of the oxygen ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2).
In addition, we determined the changes in food supply by using the slope (annual change) obtained from the linear regression model.
Furthermore, by using the slope of the dose response model for animals, our interpretation assumes that similar increases in exposure would result in the same relative changes in birth weights compared with humans, which we considered reasonable.
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